In a study involving 2,000 developers conducted at the end of last year, Zend discovered that in terms of a production environment, 85 % of those surveyed preferred Linux. Windows was far behind with a measly 11 % and Mac OS X was almost non-existent with just 2 %. However, these results change when the preferred development OS comes in to play.

Windows leads these rankings with 42 %, Linux comes in second place with 38.5 % and Mac OS X still comes last but this time with a respectable 19.1 %. Although the Microsoft OS is in the lead, this may not be for long. Three years ago, it was reported that almost 85 % of developers preferred Windows; it appears that that lead is being worn down by the other OS’, Linux in particular.

The FOSS aspect of Linux and PHP seems to be the driving force behind this trend. The FOSS movement has been gathering momentum in the last few years, with Linux being one of the oldest heralds. The rising cost of successive OS versions of Windows has also made it unaffordable for many individual developers as well as offices and companies. Currently, Windows 7 retails for over $300 making it the most expensive OS on the market.

Latency - PHP code takes time to execute, so there is a possibility that search engine spiders could give up waiting for the page and move on. You can reduce the wait time by being frugal with SELECT * calls. For example, avoid using this command on table that has ten fields. Name the columns and (assuming you use MySQL) use EXPLAIN to test queries. If you use loops, reduce the repetition of duplicated code.

Session ID - When the “enable-trans-sid” option is set to ON, the links that are created with session ID numbers become longer and longer. This is not good when it comes to search engine indexing. In your “php.ini”, disable this feature by setting “session.use_trans_sid” to false.

Friendly URLs - There are two ways in which you can achieve a static page effect which will help with search engines. Apache can be used to fake static page URLs. You can also reduce the number of GET variables. These variables produce URLs which are almost incoherent to spiders. If you really need to use many variables then you should combine them by using delimiters or even unused characters. You can eventually split them in the target page.

In addition to this, you can also use the mod_rewrite rule, but this should be done with careful consideration and only after understanding its function thoroughly.
Following these suggestions should help your pages become more search engine friendly, however it might be useful to set up a secondary “dummy” site and test these out before you implement it on your main site. This will help you debug the code without annoying your visitors.

Bandwidth - Users have a very short attention span. If your website does not possess enough bandwidth to function smoothly, you will lose traffic. So the first thing to do is to identify and secure enough bandwidth from the host.

Storage - Requirements are never a permanent thing. As your website grows, you will require more and more storage or hard disk space. Conversely, as you streamline your processes you might require less space as well. Whichever way your requirements swing, you must ensure that your host can accommodate it.

Add-ons - Usually, when you begin it is always with one domain. But eventually you might find yourself wanting to include more domains under the same package. So finding a host who will accommodate multiple domains under the single account is well worth the effort.

Databases - While it is not common, some hosts do place a limit on the number of databases that are available to you. Avoid this if you can and also ascertain what level of support they offer for these databases.

Uptime - If your website does not appear when a user wants it, it represents a lost opportunity. To avoid this you must look for a host that guarantees 99 % uptime.

Cost - While it is tempting to use a free PHP hosting service, there are many disadvantages to this option. Look for a good package that is within your means. Do not grab the first thing that looks good. Do a little digging and compare costs. There are plenty of competitive packages being offered in the market today.

PHP frameworks help to streamline development as they contain basic structures that enable easy construction of web applications. The development process can progress at a faster rate due to the pre-built modules, reused code, etc. In short, frameworks reduce the time taken to complete a task. While there are many frameworks available in today’s market, some more than others have gained immense popularity.

1. The Zend Framework - is immensely popular among developers. It is Web 2.0 oriented and is extensively supported by the company. However, it is more suited for developers who have a thorough understanding of PHP and is more in line with corporate level development.

2. Cake PHP - has a good balance between being beginner and advanced friendly. Its focus is on rapid development and is very similar to Ruby on Rails. It is simple and scalable and this makes it a popular choice for many.

3. Symfony - is more oriented towards enterprise level development and therefore more suited for advanced users. It is an open source framework, which is a little slower than others are but has many great features that make up for this shortcoming.

4. CodeIgniter - is an excellent framework for beginners as it is easy to use and comes with a host of tutorials. It has a very small footprint and offers simple solutions, which result in great performance and speed.

5. Seagull - is also a good framework for beginners as it is well established and has a great package of sample applications that can be quickly modified for your purposes.

It is not a common practice to modify compiled programs. In this type of software, the source code is run though a compiler which produces an executable program, which can be used “as is”. Obvious examples of these are operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple OS and applications like Adobe Creative Suite, Microsoft Office and AutoCAD. This software enables the user to complete their tasks but does not allow them to customize features or increase their functionality. Compiled software is the intellectual property of the company and therefore is sold at the price decided by the company. Rarely, if ever, is it offered free.

Open Source software is the opposite of Compiled software. The application or operating system is offered along with the source code for the user to manipulate and customize. To qualify as Open Source, the software must meet certain criteria. It should be freely distributed, source code should be attached, modifiable by anyone, be compatible with other software and modified versions should be distributable as well. This was done under the premise that software should be free for everyone and that the usefulness of the software can be improved by giving it away free while being modifiable.

Warranty and technical support are a concern and are addressed by a different method. Open source software can be sold if the modifications warrant support from the developer. Hence, Red Hat sells their version of the popular Linux OS with a view towards financing the technical support offered.